Stabilization

One of the principal tasks of the human vertebral column, also
called the spine, is to stabilize the head and upper body, and this
enables us to walk upright. The main burden falls on the vertebrae
to supply this central support. Their structure gives them
particularly good resilience and resistance against fractures due to
forces applied from above or below, for example when one jumps,
climbs stairs, or even when walking. The soft tissues associated
with the spine (muscles, ligaments, tendons) and the joints
contribute to dynamic stability or limiting the impact of twisting
forces.

Mechanical Protective Function

The lumbar spine is composed of five vertebrae. A vertebra
consists of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch along with its facet
joints, and transverse processes. The vertebral body and vertebral
arch form a channel through which the spinal cord nerves run and
are protected from external impact.

Shock Absorption and Mobility

“Shock absorbers” – the vertebral discs – are in between the
vertebral bodies to buffer the force of an impact. Along with the
facet joints, they enable the body to flex during turning, stretching
and bending movements. The vertebral disc consists of an outer
fibrous ring and a central pulp.